Hydrodynamic synchronization of flagellar oscillators
B.M. Friedrich

TL;DR
This paper reviews how hydrodynamic interactions can synchronize flagellar oscillators, emphasizing the role of symmetry-breaking mechanisms at low Reynolds numbers in biological swimming.
Contribution
It introduces a theoretical framework for flagellar synchronization via hydrodynamics and discusses various physical mechanisms that break symmetry to enable synchronization.
Findings
Hydrodynamic interactions can synchronize flagella in low Reynolds number environments.
Symmetry-breaking is essential for hydrodynamic synchronization.
Different physical mechanisms can facilitate flagellar synchronization.
Abstract
We survey the theory synchronization in collections of noisy oscillators. This framework is applied to flagellar synchronization by hydrodynamic interactions. The time-reversibility of hydrodynamics at low Reynolds numbers prompts swimming strokes that break symmetry to facilitate hydrodynamic synchronization. We discuss different physical mechanisms for flagellar synchronization, which break this symmetry in different ways.
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