Dilute oriented loop models

TL;DR

This paper investigates a dilute oriented loop model on the square lattice, revealing its algebraic structure, phase diagram, and conformal field theory description, especially for the critical range where n ≤ 1.

Contribution

It introduces a novel dilute oriented loop model with enhanced symmetry and derives its algebraic and conformal properties, including the phase diagram and critical exponents.

Findings

The model exhibits a phase diagram with a critical line in the dilute O(2n) universality class.

For n=1, the model maps onto the six-vertex model with continuously varying exponents.

The algebraic analysis provides explicit dimensions of the transfer matrix representations.

Abstract

We study a model of dilute oriented loops on the square lattice, where each loop is compatible with a fixed, alternating orientation of the lattice edges. This implies that loop strands are not allowed to go straight at vertices, and results in an enhancement of the usual O(n) symmetry to U(n). The corresponding transfer matrix acts on a number of representations (standard modules) that grows exponentially with the system size. We derive their dimension and those of the centraliser by both combinatorial and algebraic techniques. A mapping onto a field theory permits us to identify the conformal field theory governing the critical range, $n \le 1$. We establish the phase diagram and the critical exponents of low-energy excitations. For generic n, there is a critical line in the universality class of the dilute O(2n) model, terminating in an SU(n+1) point. The case n=1 maps onto the critical line of the six-vertex model, along which exponents vary continuously.