Functional effects of schizophrenia-linked genetic variants on intrinsic single-neuron excitability: A modeling study

TL;DR

This modeling study investigates how schizophrenia-linked genetic variants in ion channels and calcium transporters influence the intrinsic excitability of cortical neurons, providing insights into cellular mechanisms underlying the disease.

Contribution

It introduces a framework for assessing the impact of genetic variants on neuron excitability using biophysical modeling, highlighting common alterations across schizophrenia-related genes.

Findings

Genetic variants affect neuron spiking behavior.

Variants influence intracellular calcium dynamics.

Altered input integration may contribute to schizophrenia.

Abstract

Background: Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified a large number of genetic risk factors for schizophrenia (SCZ) featuring ion channels and calcium transporters. For some of these risk factors, independent prior investigations have examined the effects of genetic alterations on the cellular electrical excitability and calcium homeostasis. In the present proof-of-concept study, we harnessed these experimental results for modeling of computational properties on layer V cortical pyramidal cell and identify possible common alterations in behavior across SCZ-related genes. Methods: We applied a biophysically detailed multi-compartmental model to study the excitability of a layer V pyramidal cell. We reviewed the literature on functional genomics for variants of genes associated with SCZ, and used changes in neuron model parameters to represent the effects of these variants. Results: We present and apply a framework for examining the effects of subtle single nucleotide polymorphisms in ion channel and Ca2+ transporter-encoding genes on neuron excitability. Our analysis indicates that most of the considered SCZ- related genetic variants affect the spiking behavior and intracellular calcium dynamics resulting from summation of inputs across the dendritic tree. Conclusions: Our results suggest that alteration in the ability of a single neuron to integrate the inputs and scale its excitability may constitute a fundamental mechanistic contributor to mental disease, alongside with the previously proposed deficits in synaptic communication and network behavior.