Energy landscape and conical intersection points of the driven Rabi model

TL;DR

This paper explores the energy landscape of the driven Rabi model, revealing a complex structure of energy sheets connected by conical intersections at Juddian points, which influence geometric phase phenomena.

Contribution

It provides a detailed numerical analysis of the energy surfaces and identifies the conical intersection points in the driven Rabi model's spectrum.

Findings

Energy landscape consists of infinite sheets connected by conical intersections.

Conical intersections occur at Juddian points in the spectrum.

Trajectories around these points can exhibit geometric phase effects.

Abstract

We examine the energy surfaces of the driven Rabi model, also known as the biased or generalised Rabi model, as a function of the coupling strength and the driving term. The energy surfaces are plotted numerically from the known analytic solution. The resulting energy landscape consists of an infinite stack of sheets connected by conical intersection points located at the degenerate Juddian points in the eigenspectrum. Trajectories encircling these points are expected to exhibit a nonzero geometric phase.