Counterexamples of Kodaira vanishing for smooth surfaces of general type in positive characteristic

TL;DR

This paper constructs smooth projective surfaces of general type in positive characteristic that violate the Kodaira vanishing theorem, correcting previous work and revealing new pathological behaviors.

Contribution

It generalizes Raynaud's construction to produce counterexamples with additional pathologies, correcting earlier inaccuracies.

Findings

Surfaces violate Kodaira vanishing in positive characteristic.

Examples have non-nef direct images of relative dualizing sheaves.

Presence of non-trivial vector fields and non-closed global 1-forms.

Abstract

We generalize the construction of Raynaud of smooth projective surfaces of general type in positive characteristic that violate the Kodaira vanishing theorem. This corrects an earlier paper of the same purpose. These examples are smooth surfaces fibered over a smooth curve whose direct images of the relative dualizing sheaves are not nef, and they violate Koll\'ar's vanishing theorem. Further pathologies on these examples include the existence of non-trivial vector fields and that of non-closed global differential 1-forms.