An atlas of coronal electron density at 5Rs I: Data processing and calibration

TL;DR

This paper details the data processing and calibration methods for coronal electron density mapping at 5Rs, enabling improved multi-spacecraft tomography and analysis of solar phenomena.

Contribution

It introduces a comprehensive calibration and data processing pipeline for LASCO C2 and SECCHI COR2 instruments, facilitating multi-spacecraft coronal tomography.

Findings

Enhanced agreement between LASCO C2 and SECCHI COR2 data.

Calibration factors derived from star brightness comparisons.

Elimination of artifacts in polarized brightness images.

Abstract

Tomography of the solar corona can provide cruicial constraints for models of the low corona, unique information on changes in coronal structure and rotation rates, and a valuable boundary condition for models of the heliospheric solar wind. This is the first of a series of three papers which aim to create a set of maps of the coronal density over an extended period (1996-present). The papers will describe the data processing and calibration (this paper), the tomography method (\paperii) and resulting atlas of coronal electron density at a height of 5\Rs\ between years 1996-2014 (\paperiii). This first paper presents a detailed description of data processing and calibration for the Large-Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraph (LASCO) C2 instrument onboard the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) and the COR2 instruments of the Sun Earth Connection Coronal and Heliospheric Investigation (SECCHI) package aboard the Solar Terrestial Relations Observatory (STEREO) A \& B spacecraft. The methodology includes noise suppression, background subtraction, separation of large dynamic events, conversion of total brightness to K-coronal brightness and simple functions for crosscalibration between C2/LASCO and COR2/SECCHI. Comparison of the brightness of stars between LASCO C2 total and polarized brightness (\pB) observations provide in-flight calibration factors for the \pB\ observations, resulting in considerable improved agreement between C2 and COR2 A, and elimination of curious artifacts in the C2 \pB\ images. The crosscalibration between LASCO C2 and the STEREO coronagraphs allows, for the first time, the potential use of multi-spacecraft coronagraph data for tomography and for CME analysis.