On the embeddability of real hypersurfaces into hyperquadrics

TL;DR

This paper establishes effective algebraic differential equations that characterize when real-analytic hypersurfaces can be embedded into hyperquadrics, showing most high-degree hypersurfaces are not embeddable, thus advancing understanding of CR-geometry.

Contribution

It provides the first effective algebraic differential criteria for embeddability of hypersurfaces into hyperquadrics of higher dimension.

Findings

Existence of a universal algebraic PDE for embeddability.

Most high-degree hypersurfaces are not embeddable into hyperquadrics.

Explicit bounds for the degree threshold for non-embeddability.

Abstract

In this paper, we provide {\em effective} results on the non-embeddability of real-analytic hypersurfaces into a hyperquadric. We show that, for any $N >n \geq 1$, the defining functions $\varphi(z,\bar z,u)$ of all real-analytic hypersurfaces $M=\{v=\varphi(z,\bar z,u)\}\subset\mathbb C^{n+1}$ containing Levi-nondegenerate points and locally transversally holomorphically embeddable into some hyperquadric $\mathcal Q\subset\mathbb C^{N+1}$ satisfy an {\em universal} algebraic partial differential equation $D(\varphi)=0$, where the algebraic-differential operator $D=D(n,N)$ depends on $n, N$ only. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first effective result characterizing real-analytic hypersurfaces embeddable into a hyperquadric of higher dimension. As an application, we show that for every $n,N$ as above there exists $\mu=\mu(n,N)$ such that a Zariski generic real-analytic hypersurface $M\subset\mathbb C^{n+1}$ of degree $\geq \mu$ is not transversally holomorphically embeddable into any hyperquadric $\mathcal Q\subset\mathbb C^{N+1}$. We also provide an explicit upper bound for $\mu$ in terms of $n,N$. To the best of our knowledge, this gives the first effective lower bound for the CR-complexity of a Zariski generic real-algebraic hypersurface in complex space of a fixed degree.