Les interpr\'etations de la m\'ecanique quantique : une vue d'ensemble introductive

TL;DR

This paper reviews three main interpretations of quantum mechanics—orthodox, Bohmian, and many-worlds—highlighting their differences in metaphysical implications despite being empirically equivalent.

Contribution

It provides an overview of the three primary interpretations of quantum mechanics based on Boyer-Kassem's work, clarifying their philosophical and physical differences.

Findings

Three main interpretations are empirically equivalent.

Differences lie in metaphysical implications like determinism and reality.

Interpretations influence views on fundamental chance and multiple worlds.

Abstract

La m\'ecanique quantique est une th\'eorie physique contemporaine r\'eput\'ee pour ses d\'efis au sens commun et ses paradoxes. Depuis bient\^ot un si\`ecle, plusieurs interpr\'etations de la th\'eorie ont \'et\'e propos\'ees par les physiciens et les philosophes, offrant des images quantiques du monde, ou des m\'etaphysiques, radicalement diff\'erentes. L'existence d'un hasard fondamental, ou d'une multitude de mondes en-dehors du n\^otre, d\'epend ainsi de l'interpr\'etation adopt\'ee. Cet article, en s'appuyant sur le livre Boyer-Kassem (2015), Qu'est-ce que la m\'ecanique quantique ?, pr\'esente trois principales interpr\'etations quantiques, empiriquement \'equivalentes : l'interpr\'etation dite orthodoxe, l'interpr\'etation de Bohm, et l'interpr\'etation des mondes multiples. Quantum mechanics is a contemporary physical theory which is famous for its paradoxes. For about a century, several interpretations of the theory have been proposed by physicists and philosophers, giving very different images of the world, or metaphysics. For instance, whether there exists a fundamental chance, or a multiplicity of worlds, depends on the chosen interpretation. This articles relies on the book Boyer-Kassem (2015), Qu'est-ce que la m\'ecanique quantique ? (=What is quantum mechanics?), and presents three main quantum interpretations, that are empirically equivalent: the so-called orthodox interpretation, Bohmian mechanics, and the many-worlds interpretation.