Improved background rejection in neutrinoless double beta decay experiments using a magnetic field in a high pressure xenon TPC

TL;DR

This paper proposes using an external magnetic field in high pressure xenon TPCs to improve background rejection in neutrinoless double-beta decay experiments by analyzing electron track curvature.

Contribution

The study introduces a magnetic field application to enhance track-based background discrimination in xenon TPCs for 0nbb decay detection.

Findings

Magnetic field induces helical electron tracks for better event discrimination.

Statistical estimator can reject background events by an order of magnitude.

Achieves less than one background count per ton-year exposure.

Abstract

We demonstrate that the application of an external magnetic field could lead to an improved background rejection in neutrinoless double-beta (0nbb) decay experiments using a high pressure xenon (HPXe) TPC. HPXe chambers are capable of imaging electron tracks, a feature that enhances the separation between signal events (the two electrons emitted in the 0nbb decay of 136Xe) and background events, arising chiefly from single electrons of kinetic energy compatible with the end-point of the 0nbb decay (Qbb ). Applying an external magnetic field of sufficiently high intensity (in the range of 0.5-1 Tesla for operating pressures in the range of 5-15 atmospheres) causes the electrons to produce helical tracks. Assuming the tracks can be properly reconstructed, the sign (direction) of curvature can be determined at several points along these tracks, and such information can be used to separate signal (0nbb) events containing two electrons producing a track with two different directions of curvature from background (single-electron) events producing a track that should spiral in a single direction. Due to electron multiple scattering, this strategy is not perfectly efficient on an event-by-event basis, but a statistical estimator can be constructed which can be used to reject background events by one order of magnitude at a moderate cost (approx. 30%) in signal efficiency. Combining this estimator with the excellent energy resolution and topological signature identification characteristic of the HPXe TPC, it is possible to reach a background rate of less than one count per ton-year of exposure. Such a low background rate is an essential feature of the next generation of 0nbb experiments, aiming to fully explore the inverse hierarchy of neutrino masses.