Aharonov-Bohm phase for an electromagnetic wave background

TL;DR

This paper extends the understanding of the Aharonov-Bohm effect to time-dependent electromagnetic fields, specifically analyzing the phase acquired by a charged particle in a plane wave background, and identifies conditions for experimental observation.

Contribution

It provides a detailed analysis of the Aharonov-Bohm phase in time-varying potentials, particularly for electromagnetic waves, which was not extensively studied before.

Findings

Derived the Aharonov-Bohm phase for a charged particle in a plane electromagnetic wave.

Established conditions for observing the time-dependent Aharonov-Bohm effect.

Compared potential and field formulations of the phase.

Abstract

The canonical Aharonov-Bohm effect is usually studied with time-independent potentials. In this work, we investigate the Aharonov-Bohm phase acquired by a charged particle moving in {\it time-dependent} potentials . In particular, we focus on the case of a charged particle moving in the time varying field of a plane electromagnetic wave. We work out the Aharonov-Bohm phase using both the potential ({\it i.e.} $\oint A_\mu dx ^\mu$) and field ({\it i.e.} $\frac{1}{2}\int F_{\mu \nu} d \sigma ^{\mu \nu}$) forms of the Aharanov-Bohm phase. We give conditions in terms of the parameters of the system (frequency of the electromagnetic wave, the size of the space-time loop, amplitude of the electromagnetic wave) under which the time varying Aharonov-Bohm effect could be observed.