Time-dependent study of a black-hole laser in a flowing atomic condensate

TL;DR

This study numerically investigates the long-term dynamics of a black-hole laser in a flowing atomic condensate, revealing regimes of horizon evaporation or continuous soliton emission, akin to laser operation.

Contribution

It provides the first detailed numerical analysis of the time evolution of a black-hole laser in atomic condensates, identifying conditions for stable emission.

Findings

System either evaporates horizons or emits solitons periodically.

Continuous soliton emission is identified as the black-hole laser effect.

The study includes visualizations of density and velocity profiles over time.

Abstract

We numerically study the temporal evolution of a black-hole laser configuration displaying a pair of black and white hole horizons in a flowing atomic condensate. This configuration is initially prepared starting from a homogeneous flow via a suitable space-dependent change of the interaction constant and the evolution is then followed up to long times. Depending on the values of the system parameters, the system typically either converges to the lowest energy solution by evaporating away the horizons or displays a continuous and periodic coherent emission of solitons. By making a physical comparison with optical laser devices, we identify the latter regime of continuous emission of solitons as the proper black-hole laser effect. We include some movies of the temporal evolution of the spatial density and velocity profiles in the most significant cases.