A new discrete monotonicity formula with application to a two-phase free boundary problem in dimension two

TL;DR

This paper introduces a new discrete monotonicity formula for two-phase free boundary problems in two dimensions, demonstrating linear growth of minimizers near non-flat points when p is close to 2.

Contribution

It develops a novel anisotropic scaling approach to prove a discrete monotonicity formula for minimizers in a two-phase free boundary problem, extending previous analysis.

Findings

Discreet monotonicity of the functional _p(r,u,x_0) in 2D for p near 2.

Linear growth of minimizers at non-flat free boundary points.

Introduction of anisotropic scaling technique for free boundary analysis.

Abstract

We continue the analysis of the two-phase free boundary problems initiated in \cite{DK}, where we studied the linear growth of minimizers in a Bernoulli type free boundary problem at the non-flat points and the related regularity of free boundary. There, we also defined the functional $$\phi_p(r,u,x_0)=\frac1{r^4}\int_{B_r(x_0)}\frac{|\nabla u^+(x)|^p}{|x-x_0|^{N-2}}dx\int_{B_r(x_0)}\frac{|\nabla u^-(x)|^p}{|x-x_0|^{N-2}}dx$$ where $x_0$ is a free boundary point, i.e. $x_0\in\partial\{u>0\}$ and $u$ is a minimizer of the functional $$J(u):=\int_{\Omega}|\nabla u|^p +\lambda_+^p\,\chi_{\{u>0\}} +\lambda_-^p\,\chi_{\{u\le 0\}}, $$ for some bounded smooth domain $\Omega\subset {\mathbb R}^N$ and positive constants $\lambda_\pm$ with $\Lambda:=\lambda_+^p-\lambda^p_->0$. Here we show the discrete monotonicity of $\phi_p(r,u,x_0)$ in two spatial dimensions at non-flat points, when $p$ is sufficiently close to 2, and then establish the linear growth. A new feature of our approach is the anisotropic scaling argument discussed in Section 4.