LOFAR discovery of a 700-kpc remnant radio galaxy at low redshift

TL;DR

This paper reports the discovery and detailed analysis of a large, low surface brightness remnant radio galaxy at low redshift using LOFAR data, shedding light on the late evolutionary phase of radio galaxies.

Contribution

The study presents the first detailed analysis of a 700 kpc remnant radio galaxy at low redshift, combining multi-frequency data to investigate its morphology, spectral properties, and potential triggering mechanisms.

Findings

The remnant galaxy has a smooth, diffuse appearance with a weak core.

The host galaxy is interacting with another galaxy, possibly influencing jet activity.

Its spectral shape differs from typical remnants, indicating diverse evolutionary paths.

Abstract

Remnant radio galaxies represent the final dying phase of radio galaxy evolution, in which the jets are no longer active. Due to their rarity in flux limited samples and the difficulty of identification, this dying phase remains poorly understood and the luminosity evolution largely unconstrained. Here we present the discovery and detailed analysis of a large (700 kpc) remnant radio galaxy with a low surface brightness that has been identified in LOFAR images at 150 MHz. By combining LOFAR data with new follow-up Westerbork observations and archival data at higher frequencies, we investigated the source morphology and spectral properties from 116 to 4850 MHz. By modelling the radio spectrum we probed characteristic timescales of the radio activity. The source has a relatively smooth, diffuse, amorphous appearance together with a very weak central compact core which is associated with the host galaxy located at z=0.051. From our ageing and morphological analysis it is clear that the nuclear engine is currently switched off or, at most, active at a very low power state. The host galaxy is currently interacting with another galaxy located at a projected separation of 15 kpc and a radial velocity offset of 300 km/s. This interaction may have played a role in the triggering and/or shut down of the radio jets. The spectral shape of this remnant radio galaxy differs from the majority of the previously identified remnant sources, which show steep or curved spectra at low to intermediate frequencies. In light of this finding and in preparation for new-generation deep low-frequency surveys, we discuss the selection criteria to be used to select representative samples of these sources.