From symmetric fundamental expansions to Schur positivity

TL;DR

This paper explores families of quasisymmetric functions that guarantee Schur positivity when expressed as positive sums, providing combinatorial descriptions and organizing these families into a poset with new insights into dual Knuth equivalence.

Contribution

It introduces six families of quasisymmetric functions with Schur positivity properties and organizes them into a poset, including three new families and a poset of refinements of dual Knuth equivalence.

Findings

Six families of functions organized into a poset.

New combinatorial descriptions of Schur coefficients.

Introduction of quasi-dual equivalence classes.

Abstract

We consider families of quasisymmetric functions with the property that if a symmetric function $f$ is a positive sum of functions in one of these families, then f is necessarily a positive sum of Schur functions. Furthermore, in each of the families studied, we give a combinatorial description of the Schur coefficients of $f$. We organize six such families into a poset, where functions in higher families in the poset are always positive integer sums of functions in each of the lower families. This poset includes the Schur functions, the quasisymmetric Schur functions, the fundamental quasisymmetric generating functions of shifted dual equivalence classes, as well as three new families of functions --- one of which is conjectured to be a basis of the vector space of quasisymmetric functions. Each of the six families is realized as the fundamental quasisymmetric generating functions over the classes of some refinement of dual Knuth equivalence. Thus, we also produce a poset of refinements of dual Knuth equivalence. In doing so, we define quasi-dual equivalence to provide classes that generate quasisymmetric Schur functions.