Resolution Analysis of Films with Embedded Spheres for Imaging of Nanoplasmonic Arrays

TL;DR

This paper introduces a novel PDMS film with embedded high-index microspheres for super-resolution imaging and proposes a standardized resolution measurement method consistent with classical optics, demonstrating ~{ extbackslash lambda}/5.5 resolution.

Contribution

It presents a new attachable film with embedded microspheres and a standardized resolution measurement approach for microsphere-assisted imaging.

Findings

Achieved super-resolution of approximately { extbackslash lambda}/5.5.

Enhanced field-of-view using a translated PDMS film.

Provided a resolution measurement method aligned with classical optics.

Abstract

With the advent of microsphere assisted microscopy in 2011, this technique emerged as a simple and easy way to obtain optical super-resolution. Although the possible mechanisms of imaging by microspheres are debated in the literature, most of the experimental studies established the resolution values well beyond the diffraction limit. It should be noted, however, that there is no standard resolution measurement in this field that researchers can use. The reported resolution has been based on the smallest discernible feature; although it seems logical but it is not based on the standard textbook definition, and so far it has ended to a wide range of resolution reports based on qualitative criteria which can lead to exaggerated resolution values. In addition, this method has another limitation related to its limited field-of-view. In this work, first we fabricated a novel optical component for super-resolution imaging based on an attachable polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) thin film with embedded high index (n~2) barium titanate glass (BTG) microspheres. It is shown that such films can be translated along the surface of investigated structures to enhance field-of-view. Second, we introduced a method of image treatment which allows determining the super-resolution values consistent with the resolution definition in the conventional diffraction-limited optics. We demonstrated this method for a typical microsphere-assisted image where we measured the super-resolution of ~{\lambda}/5.5. We also developed this technique to measure the resolution of a micro-cylindrical-assisted system.