Stellar Cycles from Photometric Data: CoRoT Stars

TL;DR

This study analyzes stellar activity cycles in CoRoT data, identifying potential new cycle sequences and confirming known relations between cycle and rotation periods, while highlighting the need for further validation with Kepler data.

Contribution

The paper introduces a method to detect and characterize stellar activity cycles using CoRoT photometric data, revealing a possible new short-cycle sequence and confirming existing activity relations.

Findings

Identified a potential third cycle sequence, S (short-cycles).

Confirmed empirical relations between cycle and rotation periods.

Only about half of the sample had confidently detected cycles.

Abstract

Until a few years ago, the amplitude variation in the photometric data had been limitedly explored mainly because of time resolution and photometric sensitivity limitations. This investigation is now possible thanks to the Kepler and CoRoT databases which provided a unique set of data for studying of the nature of stellar variability cycles. The present study characterizes the amplitude variation in a sample of main--sequence stars with light curves collected using CoRoT exo--field CCDs. We analyze potential stellar activity cycles by studying the variability amplitude over small boxes. The cycle periods and amplitudes were computed based on the Lomb-Scargle periodogram, harmonic fits, and visual inspection. As a first application of our approach we have considered the photometric data for 16 CoRoT FGK main sequence stars, revisited during the IRa01, LRa01 and LRa06 CoRoT runs. The 16 CoRoT stars appear to follow the empirical relations between activity cycle periods ($P_{cyc}$) and the rotation period ($P_{rot}$) found by previous works. In addition to the so-called A (active) and I (inactive) sequences previously identified, there is a possible third sequence, here named S (short-cycles) sequence. However, recovery fractions estimated from simulations suggest that only a half of our sample has confident cycle measurements. Therefore, more study is needed to verify our results and Kepler data shall be notably useful for such a study. Overall, our procedure provides a key tool for exploring the CoRoT and Kepler databases to identify and characterize stellar cycle variability.