Bulk viscous Zel'dovich fluid model and it's asymptotic behavior

TL;DR

This paper investigates a flat universe model with bulk viscous Zel'dovich fluid, analyzing its evolution, stability, and compatibility with observational data, and finds it predicts late-time acceleration but lacks a prior radiation-dominated phase.

Contribution

It introduces a cosmological model with bulk viscous Zel'dovich fluid constrained by supernova data and studies its stability and asymptotic behavior.

Findings

Predicts late-time cosmic acceleration.

Stable in a Zel'dovich fluid dominated universe.

Unstable when radiation component is included.

Abstract

In this paper we have considered a flat FLRW universe with bulk viscous Zel'dovich as the cosmic component. Being considered the bulk viscosity as per the Eckart formalism, we have analyzed the evolution of the Hubble parameter and constrained the model with the Type Ia Supernovae data thus extracting the constant bulk viscous parameter and present Hubble parameter. Further we have analyzed the scale factor, equation of state and deceleration parameter. The model predicts the late time acceleration and is also compatible with the age of the universe as given by the oldest globular clusters. We have also studied the phase-space behavior of the model and found that a universe dominated by bulk viscous Zel'dovich fluid is stable. But on the inclusion of radiation component in addition to the Zel'dovich fluid, makes the model unstable. Hence, even though the bulk viscous Zel'dovich fluid dominated universe is a feasible one, the model as such failed to predict a prior radiation dominated phase.