Fabrication of a simple apparatus for the Seebeck coefficient measurement in high temperature region

TL;DR

This paper presents a simple, cost-effective apparatus for measuring the Seebeck coefficient in the high temperature range of 300-620 K, suitable for various sample geometries and calibrated with standard nickel.

Contribution

The novel apparatus allows for accurate Seebeck coefficient measurements without explicit temperature gradient measurement, using a single heater and easily replaceable parts.

Findings

The apparatus accurately measures the Seebeck coefficient across 300-620 K.

Calibration with nickel shows consistent temperature-dependent behavior.

Application demonstrated on LaCoO₃ samples reveals thermoelectric properties.

Abstract

A simple apparatus for the measurement of Seebeck coefficient ($\alpha$) in the temperature range 300-620 K has been fabricated. Our design is appropriate for the characterization of samples with different geometries like disk and rod shaped. The sample holder assembly of the apparatus has been designed in such a way that, single heater used for sample heating purpose is enough to provide a self maintain temperature gradient (1-10 K) across the sample. The value of $\alpha$ is obtained without explicit measurement of temperature gradient. The whole apparatus is fabricated from the materials, which are commonly available, so that any part can be replaced in case of any damage. Commercially available standard Nickel (Ni) metal sample has been used as a reference material for calibration of the instrument. The experimentally observed value of $\alpha$ by our apparatus gives the similar temperature dependent behavior as reported in the literature. In order to study the thermoelectric behavior of oxide materials, we have synthesized polycrystalline LaCoO$_{3}$ powder samples by using solution combustion method and investigated the thermoelectric properties. Temperature dependent thermoelectric behavior of these samples were characterized in the temperature range 300-600 K.