Viscoelastic Interfaces Driven in Disordered Media and Applications to Friction

TL;DR

This paper investigates how relaxation processes influence avalanche dynamics in disordered systems, revealing new periodic behaviors, improved modeling of friction, and modifications to universality classes in non-Markovian models.

Contribution

It introduces minimal relaxation modifications to models of avalanche dynamics, demonstrating new periodic behaviors, refined friction force calculations, and altered universality classes in non-Markovian directed percolation.

Findings

Mean-field viscoelastic interface exhibits periodic behavior with system-spanning avalanches.

Friction force calculations align with classical experiments.

Non-Markovian directed percolation shows altered universality class with changed critical exponents.

Abstract

Many complex systems respond to a continuous input of energy by an accumulation of stress over time, interrupted by sudden energy releases called avalanches. Recently, it has been pointed out that several basic features of avalanche dynamics are induced at the microscopic level by relaxation processes, which are neglected by most models. During my thesis, I studied two well-known models of avalanche dynamics, modified minimally by the inclusion of some forms of relaxation. The first system is that of a viscoelastic interface driven in a disordered medium. In mean-field, we prove that the interface has a periodic behaviour (with a new, emerging time scale), with avalanche events that span the whole system. We compute semi-analytically the friction force acting on this surface, and find that it is compatible with classical friction experiments. In finite dimensions (2D), the mean-field system-sized events become local, and numerical simulations give qualitative and quantitative results in good agreement with several important features of real earthquakes. The second system including a minimal form of relaxation consists in a toy model of avalanches: the Directed Percolation process. In our study of a non-Markovian variant of Directed Percolation, we observed that the universality class was modified but not completely. In particular, in the non-Markov case an exponent changes of value while several scaling relations still hold. This picture of an extended universality class obtained by the addition of a non-Markovian perturbation to the dynamics provides promising prospects for our first system.