Consistent bosonization-debosonization I: A resolution of the non-equilibrium transport puzzle

TL;DR

This paper critically reexamines the bosonization-debosonization method for non-equilibrium systems with localized features, identifying inconsistencies in conventional approaches and proposing a consistent extended framework applicable to various scenarios.

Contribution

It introduces a new, consistent framework for bosonization-debosonization in non-equilibrium systems with localized features, resolving previous inconsistencies.

Findings

Conventional bosonization-debosonization yields inconsistent results for non-equilibrium tunneling.

The proposed framework corrects these inconsistencies and aligns with exact solutions.

The method is broadly applicable to systems with localized features out of equilibrium.

Abstract

We critically reexamine the bosonization-debosonization procedure for systems including certain types of localized features (although more general scenarios are possible). By focusing on the case of a tunneling junction out of equilibrium, we show that the conventional approach gives results that are not consistent with the exact solution of the problem even at the qualitative level. We identify inconsistencies that can adversely affect the results of all types of calculations. We subsequently show a way to avoid these and proceed consistently. The extended framework we develop here should be widely applicable.