The Q/U Imaging ExperimenT: Polarization Measurements of the Galactic Plane at 43 and 95 GHz

TL;DR

This paper presents deep, large-area polarization measurements of the Galactic plane at 43 and 95 GHz, combining QUIET and WMAP data to improve constraints on Galactic magnetic field properties and foreground emissions.

Contribution

It provides the deepest large-area Galactic polarization maps at these frequencies, combining QUIET and WMAP data, and offers new constraints on synchrotron spectral steepening and Faraday rotation.

Findings

Deep polarization maps at 43 and 95 GHz covering over 300 square degrees.

Detection of polarized synchrotron spectral index steepening of ~0.2.

Measurement of Faraday rotation measure toward the Galactic center as -4000 +/- 200 rad m^-2.

Abstract

We present polarization observations of two Galactic plane fields centered on Galactic coordinates (l,b)=(0 deg,0 deg) and (329 deg, 0 deg) at Q- (43 GHz) and W-band (95 GHz), covering between 301 and 539 square degrees depending on frequency and field. These measurements were made with the QUIET instrument between 2008 October and 2010 December, and include a total of 1263 hours of observations. The resulting maps represent the deepest large-area Galactic polarization observations published to date at the relevant frequencies with instrumental rms noise varying between 1.8 and 2.8 uK deg, 2.3-6 times deeper than corresponding WMAP and Planck maps. The angular resolution is 27.3' and 12.8' FWHM at Q- and W-band, respectively. We find excellent agreement between the QUIET and WMAP maps over the entire fields, and no compelling evidence for significant residual instrumental systematic errors in either experiment, whereas the Planck 44 GHz map deviates from these in a manner consistent with reported systematic uncertainties for this channel. We combine QUIET and WMAP data to compute inverse-variance-weighted average maps, effectively retaining small angular scales from QUIET and large angular scales from WMAP. From these combined maps, we derive constraints on several important astrophysical quantities, including a robust detection of polarized synchrotron spectral index steepening of ~0.2 off the plane, as well as the Faraday rotation measure toward the Galactic center (RM=-4000 +/- 200 rad m^-2), all of which are consistent with previously published results. Both the raw QUIET and the co-added QUIET+WMAP maps are made publicly available together with all necessary ancillary information.