Zr and Sn substituted (NaBi)TiO based solid solutions

TL;DR

This study investigates the phase formation and structural stability of Zr and Sn substituted (NaBi)TiO solid solutions synthesized via a multi-step solid state process, highlighting the effects of substitution and temperature on phase purity and crystal structure.

Contribution

It provides new insights into the synthesis conditions and structural effects of Zr and Sn substitution in (NaBi)TiO solid solutions, including phase stability and lattice parameter changes.

Findings

Single-phase solid solutions achieved at 1000-1100°C

Linear increase in crystal cell size with substitution concentration

Enhanced stability of antiferroelectric phase with increased substitution

Abstract

Formation of phases during the solid state synthesis of the barium-modified NBT solid solutions, with substitutions of zirconium and tin ions for titanium are investigated. The synthesis is a multi-step process which is accompanied by the formation of a number of intermediate phases (depending on the solid solution composition and the synthesis temperature). Single phase solid solutions have been manufactured when the sintering temperature was increased to 1000-1100 C. An increase of the concentration of the substituting ions results in a linear increase in the size of the crystal cell. As a consequence the reduction of the tolerance factor and an increase of the stability of the antiferroelectric phase with respect to the ferroelectric one take place.