A 10 kpc stellar substructure at the edge of the Large Magellanic Cloud: perturbed outer disk or evidence for tidal stripping?

TL;DR

This paper reports the discovery of a large stellar overdensity at the edge of the Large Magellanic Cloud, likely resulting from tidal stripping due to gravitational interactions, with implications for understanding the galaxy's outer disk structure.

Contribution

It presents the first detection and analysis of a 10 kpc stellar substructure at the LMC's periphery, suggesting tidal interactions as the origin, supported by observational data and simple N-body simulations.

Findings

Discovery of a 10 kpc stellar overdensity at the LMC edge.

Outer disk shows possible warps, flares, and ring-like features.

Evidence of diffuse stellar populations extending to 18.5 kpc.

Abstract

We report the discovery of a substantial stellar overdensity in the periphery of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), found using public imaging from the first year of the Dark Energy Survey. The structure appears to emanate from the edge of the outer LMC disk at a radius $\approx 13.5$ degrees due north of its centre, and stretches more than $10$ kpc towards the east. It is roughly $1.5$ kpc wide and has an integrated $V$-band luminosity of at least $M_V = -7.4$. The stellar populations in the feature are indistinguishable from those in the outer LMC disk. We attempt to quantify the geometry of the outer disk using simple planar models, and find that only a disk with mild intrinsic ellipticity can simultaneously explain the observed stellar density on the sky and the azimuthal line-of-sight distance profile. We also see possible non-planar behaviour in the outer disk that may reflect a warp and/or flare, as well as deviations that resemble a ring-like structure between $\sim9-12$ degrees from the LMC centre. Based on all these observations, we conclude that our remote, stream-like feature is likely comprised of material that has been stripped from the outskirts of the LMC disk, although we cannot rule out that it represents a transient overdensity in the disk itself. We conduct a simple $N$-body simulation to show that either type of structure could plausibly arise due to the tidal force of the Milky Way; however we also recognize that a recent close interaction between the LMC and the SMC may be the source of the stripping or perturbation. Finally, we observe evidence for extremely diffuse LMC populations extending to radii of $\sim 18.5$ kpc in the disk plane ($\approx 20$ degrees on the sky), corroborating previous spectroscopic detections at comparable distances.