Lattice Boltzmann methods for multiphase flow and phase-change heat transfer

TL;DR

This paper reviews the lattice Boltzmann method's development and applications in multiphase flow and phase-change heat transfer, highlighting recent improvements in stability, accuracy, and applicability to energy systems.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive overview of theoretical advancements and practical applications of the LB method in thermofluids, emphasizing recent enhancements in model consistency and simulation capabilities.

Findings

Improved thermodynamic and hydrodynamic consistency in LB models

Enhanced numerical stability and reduced spurious currents

Ability to simulate larger density ratios and higher Reynolds numbers

Abstract

Over the past few decades, tremendous progress has been made in the development of particle-based discrete simulation methods versus the conventional continuum-based methods. In particular, the lattice Boltzmann (LB) method has evolved from a theoretical novelty to a ubiquitous, versatile and powerful computational methodology for both fundamental research and engineering applications. It is a kinetic-based mesoscopic approach that bridges the microscales and macroscales, which offers distinctive advantages in simulation fidelity and computational efficiency. Applications of the LB method have been found in a wide range of disciplines including physics, chemistry, materials, biomedicine and various branches of engineering. The present work provides a comprehensive review of the LB method for thermofluids and energy applications, focusing on multiphase flows, thermal flows and thermal multiphase flows with phase change. The review first covers the theoretical framework of the LB method, revealing the existing inconsistencies and defects as well as common features of multiphase and thermal LB models. Recent developments in improving the thermodynamic and hydrodynamic consistency, reducing the spurious currents, enhancing the numerical stability, etc., are highlighted. These efforts have put the LB method on a firmer theoretical foundation with enhanced LB models that can achieve larger liquid-gas density ratio, higher Reynolds number and flexible surface tension. Examples of applications are provided in fuel cells and batteries, droplet collision, boiling heat transfer and evaporation, and energy storage. Finally, further developments and future prospect of the LB method are outlined for thermofluids and energy applications.