On the relative importance of different microphysics on the D-type expansion of galactic HII regions

TL;DR

This study systematically evaluates how different microphysical processes influence the expansion of galactic HII regions in radiation hydrodynamics simulations, highlighting the importance of detailed physics for accurate modeling.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive comparison of microphysical effects in RHD simulations of HII regions, emphasizing the impact of metallicity and dust on expansion dynamics.

Findings

More realistic microphysics lead to smaller initial radii and slower expansion.

Gas metallicity and dust influence ionisation front evolution by 10-20%.

Stellar metallicity, radiation pressure, and PDRs have minor effects (<1%).

Abstract

Radiation hydrodynamics (RHD) simulations are used to study many astrophysical phenomena, however they require the use of simplified radiation transport and thermal prescriptions to reduce computational cost. In this paper we present a systematic study of the importance of microphysical processes in RHD simulations using the example of D-type HII region expansion. We compare the simplest hydrogen-only models with those that include: ionisation of H, He, C, N, O, S and Ne, different gas metallicity, non-LTE metal line blanketed stellar spectral models of varying metallicity, radiation pressure, dust and treatment of photodissociation regions. Each of these processes are explicitly treated using modern numerical methods rather than parameterisation. In line with expectations, changes due to microphysics in either the effective number of ionising photons or the thermal structure of the gas lead to differences in D-type expansion. In general we find that more realistic calculations lead to the onset of D-type expansion at smaller radii and a slower subsequent expansion. Simulations of star forming regions using simplified microphysics are therefore likely overestimating the strength of radiative feedback. We find that both variations in gas metallicity and the inclusion of dust can affect the ionisation front evolution at the 10-20 per cent level over 500kyr, which could substantially modify the results of simplified 3D models including feedback. Stellar metallicity, radiation pressure and the inclusion of photodissociation regions are all less significant effects at the 1 per cent level or less, rendering them of minor importance in the modelling the dynamical evolution of HII regions.