TL;DR
The paper discusses the physical and technological limits of photon transmission for quantum communication, highlighting current capabilities and future prospects for quantum repeaters and amplifiers over various distances.
Contribution
It provides a comprehensive overview of the distance limits in quantum communication and the technological advancements needed for long-distance quantum networks.
Findings
Quantum communication limits are about 500 km for direct transmission.
Quantum repeaters and memories will enable global quantum networks.
Qubit amplifiers will extend quantum communication to tens of kilometers.
Abstract
The answer to the question {\it How far can one send a photon?} depends heavily on what one means by {\it a photon} and on what one intends to do with that photon. For direct quantum communication the limit is of about 500 km. For terrestrial quantum communication, near future technologies based on quantum teleportation and quantum memories will soon enable quantum repeaters that will turn the development of a world-wide-quantum-web (WWQW) into a (highly non-trivial) engineering problem. For Device Independent Quantum Information Processing, near future qubit amplifiers (i.e. probabilistic heralded amplification of the probability amplitude of presence of photonic qubits) will soon allow demonstrations over a few tens of km.
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