Constraining the parameters of the pulsar wind nebula DA 495 and its pulsar with Chandra and XMM-Newton

TL;DR

This study analyzes X-ray data from the pulsar wind nebula DA 495 and its central pulsar candidate, J1952.2+2925, to constrain their properties, including spectral characteristics, distance, and potential gamma-ray association.

Contribution

The paper provides improved spectral parameters and distance estimates for DA 495 and J1952.2+2925 using combined Chandra and XMM-Newton data, and explores the pulsar's thermal emission models.

Findings

J1952.2+2925 has a thermal spectrum consistent with neutron star cooling.

No pulsations detected, upper limit of 40% on pulsed emission.

Distance to DA 495 estimated up to 5 kpc based on spectral models.

Abstract

We present spectral and timing analyses of the X-ray emission from the pulsar wind nebula DA 495 and its central object, J1952.2+2925, suggested to be the pulsar, using archival Chandra and XMM-Newton data. J1952.2+2925 has a pure thermal spectrum which is equally well fitted either by the blackbody model with a temperature of $\approx 215$ eV and an emitting area radius of $\approx 0.6$ km or by magnetized neutron star atmosphere models with temperatures of 80-90 eV. In the latter case the thermal emission can come from the entire neutron star surface which temperature is consistent with standard neutron star cooling scenarios. We place also an upper limit on the J1952.2+2925 nonthermal flux. The derived spectral parameters are generally compatible with published ones based only on the Chandra data, but they are much more accurate due to the inclusion of XMM-Newton data. No pulsations were found and we placed an upper limit for the J1952.2+2925 pulsed emission fraction of 40 per cent. Utilizing the interstellar absorption-distance relation, we estimated the distance to DA 495, which can be as large as 5 kpc if J1952.2+2925 emission is described by the atmosphere models. We compiled possible multi-wavelength spectra of the nebula including radio data; they depend on the spectral model of the central object. Comparing the results with other pulsar plus wind nebula systems we set reasonable constraints on the J1952.2+2925 spin-down luminosity and age. We suggest that the Fermi source 3FGL J1951.6+2926 is the likely $\gamma$-ray counterpart of J1952.2+2925.