On the global structure of Kerr-de Sitter spacetimes

TL;DR

This paper analyzes the parameter space of Kerr-de Sitter spacetimes, identifying conditions for different horizon configurations, including black holes, degenerate horizons, and extreme cases, with implications for astrophysical relevance.

Contribution

It provides a detailed parameter analysis of Kerr-de Sitter spacetimes, clarifying horizon structures and the conditions for various configurations, including degenerate and extreme black holes.

Findings

Conditions for black hole horizons with separated horizons.

Parameter ranges for degenerate horizon configurations.

Implications of small cosmological constant on astrophysical relevance.

Abstract

Taking advantage of the natural length scale set by the cosmological constant $\Lambda>0$, conditions on the parameters $(\Lambda, M, a^{2})$ have been found, so that a Kerr-de Sitter specetime either describes a black hole with well separated horizons, or describes degenerate configurations where two or more horizons coincide. As long as the rotation parameter $a^{2}$ is subject to the constraint $a^{2}\Lambda \ll 1$, while the mass parameter $M$ is subject to: $ a^{2}[1+O(a^{2}\Lambda)^{2})] <M^{2}< \frac {1}{9\Lambda}[1+2a^{2}\Lambda+O(a^{2}\Lambda)^{2})]$, then a Kerr-de Sitter spacetime with such parameters, describes a black hole possessing an inner horizon separated from an outer horizon and the hole is embedded within a pair of cosmological horizons. Still for $a^{2}\Lambda \ll 1$, but assuming that either $M^{2}> \frac {1}{9\Lambda}[1+2a^{2}\Lambda+O(a^{2}\Lambda)^{2})]$ or $M^{2}< a^{2}[1+O(a^{2}\Lambda)^{2})]$, the Kerr-de Sitter spacetime describes a ring-like singularity enclosed by two cosmological horizons. A Kerr-de Sitter spacetime may also describe configurations where the inner, the outer and one of the cosmological horizons coincide. However, we found that this coalescence occurs provided $M^{2}\Lambda \sim 1$ and due to the observed smallness of $\Lambda$, these configurations are probably irrelevant in astrophysical settings. Extreme black holes, i.e. black holes where the inner horizon coincides with the outer black hole horizon are also admitted. We have found that in the limit $M^{2}\Lambda \ll 1$ and $a^{2}\Lambda \ll 1$, extreme black holes occur, provided $a^{2}=M^{2}(1+O(\Lambda M^{2}))$. Finally a coalescence between the outer and the cosmological horizon, although in principle possible, is likely to be unimportant at the astrophysical level, since this requires $M^{2}\Lambda \sim 1$.