A new class of photo-catalytic materials and a novel principle for efficient water splitting under infrared and visible light - MgB2 as unexpected example

TL;DR

This paper introduces a new class of layered ionic binary metal catalysts, exemplified by MgB2, that efficiently facilitate water splitting under infrared and visible light, achieving 27% conversion efficiency at low bias.

Contribution

The study proposes a novel principle and class of stable layered binary metal catalysts for photo-catalytic water splitting using infrared and visible light, demonstrated with MgB2.

Findings

Achieved 27% efficiency at 0.5 V bias with MgB2 catalyst.

Layered binary metals effectively absorb light and facilitate water splitting.

Proposed mechanism involves internal electric fields and ion separation.

Abstract

Water splitting is unanimously recognized as environment friendly, potentially low cost and renewable energy solution based on the future hydrogen economy. Especially appealing is photo-catalytic water splitting whereby a suitably chosen catalyst dramatically improves efficiency of the hydrogen production driven by direct sunlight and allows it to happen even at zero driving potential. Here, we suggest a new class of stable photo-catalysts and the corresponding principle for catalytic water splitting in which infrared and visible light play the main role in producing the photocurrent and hydrogen. The new class of catalysts based on ionic binary metals with layered graphite-like structures which effectively absorb visible and infrared light facilitating the reaction of water splitting, suppress the inverse reaction of ion recombination by separating ions due to internal electric fields existing near alternating layers, provide the sites for ion trapping of both polarities, and finally deliver the electrons and holes required to generate hydrogen and oxygen gases. As an example, we demonstrate conversion efficiency of 27 percent at bias voltage bias 0.5 V for magnesium di-boride working as a catalyst for photo-induced water splitting. We discuss its advantages over some existing materials and propose the underlying mechanism of photo-catalytic water splitting by binary layered metals.