Shear and Bulk Viscosities of Quark Matter from Quark-Meson Fluctuations in the Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model

TL;DR

This paper calculates the temperature-dependent shear and bulk viscosities of quark matter using the Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model, highlighting the effects of quark-meson fluctuations and comparing results with existing literature.

Contribution

It provides a detailed calculation of viscosities incorporating temperature-dependent masses and couplings within the NJL model, including quantum fluctuations from quark-meson loops.

Findings

The shear viscosity to entropy density ratio $ta/s$ approaches the AdS/CFT bound.

Temperature-dependent masses significantly influence the quark self-energy.

Results are consistent with other models and techniques in the literature.

Abstract

We have calculated the temperature dependence of shear $\eta$ and bulk $\zeta$ viscosities of quark matter due to quark-meson fluctuations. The quark thermal width originating from quantum fluctuations of quark-$\pi$ and quark-$\sigma$ loops at finite temperature is calculated with the formalism of real-time thermal field theory. Temperature-dependent constituent-quark and meson masses, and quark-meson couplings are obtained in the Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model. We found a non-trivial influence of the temperature-dependent masses and couplings on the Landau-cut structure of the quark self-energy. Our results for the ratios $\eta/s$ and $\zeta/s$, where $s$ is the entropy density (also determined in the Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model in the quasi-particle approximation), are in fair agreement with results of the literature obtained from different models and techniques. In particular, our result for $\eta/s$ has a minimum very close to the conjectured AdS/CFT lower bound, $\eta/s = 1/4\pi$.