Particle creation and non-equilibrium thermodynamical prescription of dark fluids for universe bounded by an event horizon

TL;DR

This paper investigates the thermodynamics of a flat universe with dark matter and dark energy, analyzing particle creation effects and the validity of the generalized second law of thermodynamics at the event horizon.

Contribution

It introduces a non-equilibrium thermodynamical framework with particle creation for dark fluids in a flat universe, considering both perfect fluid and holographic dark energy models.

Findings

GSLT holds under certain conditions for both dark energy models.

Particle creation influences the thermodynamic behavior of the universe.

Restrictions on interaction parameters ensure the validity of GSLT.

Abstract

In the present work, flat FRW model of the universe is considered to be an isolated open thermodynamical system where non-equilibrium prescription has been studied using the mechanism of particle creation. In the perspective of recent observational evidences, the matter distribution in the universe is assumed to be dominated by dark matter and dark energy. The dark matter is chosen as dust while for dark energy, the following choices are considered: (i) Perfect fluid with constant equation of state and (ii) Holographic dark energy. In both the cases, the validity of generalized second law of thermodynamics (GSLT) which states that the total entropy of the fluid as well as that of the horizon should not decrease with the evolution of the universe, has been examined graphically for universe bounded by the event horizon. It is found that GSLT holds in both the cases with some restrictions on the interacting coupling parameter.