Modulating spin relaxation in nanowires with infrared light at room temperature

TL;DR

This study demonstrates that infrared light can modulate spin relaxation in InSb nanowires at room temperature by exciting electrons to higher subbands, affecting spintronic device performance and enabling potential infrared detection applications.

Contribution

It reveals a novel method to control spin relaxation in nanowires using infrared light, highlighting the influence of subband population on the D'yakonov-Perel' mechanism at room temperature.

Findings

Infrared light reduces spin relaxation length threefold.

Spin-sensitive effects disappear under infrared illumination.

Spin relaxation can be externally modulated in nanowires.

Abstract

Spintronic devices usually rely on long spin relaxation times and/or lengths for optimum performance. Therefore, the ability to modulate these quantities with an external agent offers unique possibilities. The dominant spin relaxation mechanism in most technologically important semiconductors is the D'yakonov-Perel' (DP) mechanism which vanishes if the spin carriers (electrons) are confined to a single conduction subband in a quantum wire grown in certain crystallographic directions, or polycrystalline quantum wires. Here, we report modulating the DP spin relaxation rate (and hence the spin relaxation length) in self assembled 50-nm diameter InSb nanowires with infrared light at room temperature. In the dark, almost all the electrons in the nanowires are in the lowest conduction subband at room temperature, resulting in near-complete absence of DP relaxation. This allows observation of spin-sensitive effects in the magnetoresistance. Under infrared illumination, electrons are photoexcited to higher subbands and the DP spin relaxation mechanism is revived, leading to a three-fold decrease in the spin relaxation length. Consequently, the spin sensitive effects are no longer observable under illumination. This phenomenon may have applications in spintronic room-temperature infrared photodetection.