X-ray and radio emission from Type IIn supernova SN 2010jl

TL;DR

This paper provides comprehensive X-ray and radio observations of supernova SN 2010jl, revealing details about its emission, spectral evolution, and circumstellar environment over 1500 days.

Contribution

It presents new multi-epoch X-ray and radio data for SN 2010jl, including first-time observations, and analyzes the spectral components and absorption mechanisms in detail.

Findings

X-ray spectra mostly fit by absorbed thermal models, with some requiring extra components.

X-ray light curve shows an initial plateau and a steep decline around day 300.

Radio emission detected from day 570, with luminosity near maximum at first detection.

Abstract

We present all X-ray and radio observations of the Type IIn supernova SN 2010jl. The X-ray observations cover a period up to day 1500 with Chandra, XMM-Newton, NuSTAR and Swift-XRT. The Chandra observations after 2012 June, the XMM-Newton observation in 2013 November, and most of the Swift-XRT observations until 2014 December are presented for the first time. All the spectra can be fitted by an absorbed hot thermal model except for \chandra spectra on 2011 October and 2012 June when an additional component is needed. Although the origin of this component is uncertain, it is spatially coincident with the supernova and occurs when there are changes to the supernova spectrum in the energy range close to that of the extra component, indicating that the emission is related to the supernova. The X-ray light curve shows an initial plateau followed by a steep drop starting at day $\sim 300$. We attribute the drop to a decrease in the circumstellar density. The column density to the X-ray emission drops rapidly with time, showing that the absorption is in the vicinity of the supernova. We also present Very Large Array radio observations of SN 2010jl. Radio emission was detected from \sn from day 570 onwards. The radio light curves and spectra suggest that the radio luminosity was close to its maximum at the first detection. The velocity of the shocked ejecta derived assuming synchrotron self absorption is much less than that estimated from the optical and X-ray observations, suggesting that free-free absorption dominates.