4d/3d reduction of s-confining theories: the role of the "exotic" D instantons

TL;DR

This paper explores how exotic D0 brane instantons modify the reduction of 4d s-confining theories to 3d, providing a string theory perspective on confined phases without monopoles.

Contribution

It introduces a novel brane setup analysis showing that D0 brane instantons generate superpotentials in confined theories, extending the understanding of 4d to 3d duality reductions.

Findings

Reproduction of field theory results via brane configurations

Identification of D0 brane instantons as superpotential sources

Validation through reduction of superconformal index to 3d partition function

Abstract

In the reduction of 4d dualities to 3d there are non-perturbative effects arising from monopoles acting as instantons. This mechanism has been reproduced in string theory by engineering the theories in a IIA brane setup. Nevertheless there are limiting cases of the 4d dualities where the dual theories are actually confined phases of the UV gauge theories. In these cases the monopoles are absent and the mechanism of reduction of the 4d duality has to be modified. In this paper we investigate such modification in the brane setup. The main observation behind our analysis is that in the 4d case the superpotential of the confined theories can been obtained also as the "exotic" contribution of a D0 brane, a stringy instanton. When considering these configurations we reproduce the field theory results in the brane setup. We study both the unitary and the symplectic case. As a further check we study the reduction of the 4d superconformal index to the 3d partition function for these theories.