Study of the Effects of High-Energy Proton Beams on Escherichia Coli

TL;DR

This study investigates how high-energy proton beams affect E. coli bacteria, examining morphological, physiological, and genetic changes to explore potential alternative antimicrobial methods amid rising antibiotic resistance.

Contribution

It provides new insights into the effects of proton irradiation on E. coli, a model organism, including morphological and gene expression changes, which were previously limited in research.

Findings

Proton irradiation causes morphological changes in E. coli.

Gene expression profiles are significantly altered after proton exposure.

Proton beams reduce bacterial colony formation and growth.

Abstract

Antibiotic-resistant bacterial infection becomes one of the most serious risks to public health care today. However, discouragingly, the development of new antibiotics has been little progressed over the last decade. There is an urgent need of the alternative approaches to treat the antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The novel methods, which include photothermal therapy based on gold nano-materials and ionizing radiation such as X-rays and gamma rays, have been reported. Studies of the effects of high-energy proton radiation on bacteria are mainly focused on Bacillus species and its spores. The effect of proton beams on Escherichia coli (E. coli) has been limitedly reported. The Escherichia coli is an important biological tool to obtain the metabolic and genetic information and also a common model microorganism for studying toxicity and antimicrobial activity. In addition, E. coli is a common bacterium in the intestinal tract of mammals. Herein, the morphological and physiological changes of E. coli after proton irradiation were investigated. The diluted solutions of the cells were used for proton beam radiation. LB agar plates were used to count the number of colonies formed. The growing profile of the cells was monitored by optical density at 600 nm. The morphology of the irradiated cells was analyzed with optical microscope. Microarray analysis was performed to examine the gene expression changes between irradiated samples and control samples without irradiation.