Radio Emission from the Be/Black Hole Binary MWC 656

TL;DR

This study detects faint radio emission from the Be/Black Hole binary MWC 656, showing its radio and X-ray properties are consistent with quiescent black hole systems, and compares it to other faint black holes.

Contribution

First detection of radio emission from MWC 656, establishing its properties align with quiescent black hole binaries and expanding understanding of such systems.

Findings

Detected radio emission at periastron passage with 14.2 μJy flux

Combined data shows a flux density of 3.7 μJy

Radio and X-ray luminosities match quiescent black hole behavior

Abstract

Context. MWC 656 is the recently discovered first binary system case composed of a Be-type star and an accreting black hole. Its low X-ray luminosity indicates that the system is in a quiescent X-ray state. Aims. The aim of our investigation is to establish if the MWC 656 system has detectable radio emission and if the radio characteristics are consistent with those of quiescent black hole systems. Methods. We used three archived VLA data sets, one hour each, at 3 GHz and seven new VLA observations, two hours each, at 10 GHz to produce very high sensitivity images, down to $\sim$1$\,\mu$Jy. Results. We detected the source twice in the new observations: in the first VLA run, at periastron passage, with a flux density of 14.2$\,\pm\,$2.9 $\mu$Jy and by combining all together the other six VLA runs, with a flux density of $3.7 \pm 1.4$ $\mu$Jy. The resulting combined map of the archived observations has the sensitivity of $1 \sigma = 6.6\, \mu Jy$ but no radio emission is there detected. Conclusions. The radio and X-ray luminosities agree with the behaviour of accreting binary black holes in the hard and quiescent state. In particular, MWC 656 in the $L_X$, $L_R$ plane occupies the same region as A0620$-$00 and XTE J1118+480, the faintest known black holes up to now.