Gauge coupling unification in SO(32) heterotic string theory with magnetic fluxes

TL;DR

This paper investigates gauge coupling unification in SO(32) heterotic string theory compactified on a torus with magnetic fluxes, showing realistic gauge couplings and matter content without exotics.

Contribution

It demonstrates that magnetic fluxes in SO(32) heterotic string theory can produce realistic gauge couplings and chiral matter spectra, differing from E8×E8 models.

Findings

Realistic gauge couplings achieved with order-one moduli values.

Models include three chiral generations without chiral exotics.

Non-universal gauge kinetic functions due to magnetic fluxes.

Abstract

We study $SO(32)$ heterotic string theory on torus with magnetic fluxes. Non-vanishing fluxes can lead to non-universal gauge kinetic functions for $SU(3) \times SU(2) \times U(1)_Y$ which is the important features of $SO(32)$ heterotic string theory in contrast to the $E_8\times E_8$ theory. It is found that the experimental values of gauge couplings are realized with ${\cal O}(1)$ values of moduli fields based on the realistic models with the $SU(3) \times SU(2) \times U(1)_Y$ gauge symmetry and three chiral generations of quarks and leptons without chiral exotics.