Depinning of Trapped Magnetic Flux in Bulk Niobium SRF Cavities

TL;DR

This paper derives the depinning frequency of trapped magnetic flux in niobium SRF cavities from experimental data, extending models to predict flux sensitivity based on material properties and treatment history.

Contribution

It introduces a new derivation of the depinning frequency and extends existing models to include effects of RRR, pinning centers, and cavity treatment.

Findings

Depinning frequency for RRR 110 niobium is 673 MHz.

Extended model explains higher flux sensitivity in doped and baked cavities.

Model accounts for material purity, pinning centers, and treatment effects.

Abstract

Trapped magnetic flux is known to be a significant contribution to the residual resistance of superconducting radio frequency (SRF) cavities. The additional losses depend strongly if the vortices are depinned by the RF. The depinning is affected by the purity of the material, and the size of the pinning centers, as well as the cavity operation frequency. One may define a depinning frequency, above which significant depinning occurs. This publication presents a derivation of the depinning frequency from experimental data. We find a depinning frequency of 673 MHz for RRR 110 niobium. On this basis the currently used model is extended to describe the trapped flux sensitivity as function of residual resistance ratio (RRR) and operation frequency while also accounting for the pinning center size and the treatment history of the cavity. Moreover, the model offers an explanation for the significantly higher trapped flux sensitivity reported for nitrogen doped and 120 C baked cavities.