U(1) symmetry of the spin-orbit coupled Hubbard model on the Kagome lattice

TL;DR

This paper investigates the symmetry properties of the Hubbard model with spin-orbit coupling on the Kagome lattice, revealing a U(1) spin-rotational symmetry and analyzing the classical groundstates and phase transitions.

Contribution

It demonstrates the presence of U(1) symmetry due to inversion symmetry and provides exact classical groundstates for arbitrary SOC, linking them to SU(2) fluxes.

Findings

U(1) spin-rotational symmetry exists in the Hubbard model on Kagome lattice.

Classical groundstates are governed by SU(2) fluxes threading triangles.

Berezinsky-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition temperature is determined by SU(2) fluxes.

Abstract

We study the symmetry properties of the single-band Hubbard model with general spin-orbit coupling (SOC) on the Kagome lattice. We show that the global U(1) spin-rotational symmetry is present in the Hubbard Hamiltonian owing to the inversion symmetry centered at sites. The corresponding spin Hamiltonian has, therefore, the SO(2) spin-rotational symmetry, which can be captured by including SOC non-perturbatively. The exact classical groundstates, which we obtain for arbitrary SOC, are governed by the SU(2) fluxes associated with SOC threading the constituent triangles. The groundstates break the SO(2) symmetry, and the associated Berezinsky-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition temperature is determined by the SU(2) fluxes through the triangles, which we confirm by finite temperature classical Monte Carlo simulation.