Relativistic second-order dissipative hydrodynamics at finite chemical potential

TL;DR

This paper derives second-order relativistic dissipative hydrodynamics equations for quark-gluon systems at finite chemical potential, providing exact transport coefficients and analyzing their behavior in different regimes.

Contribution

It introduces a derivation of second-order evolution equations for shear stress and charge current at finite chemical potential using quantum statistics, with exact transport coefficients.

Findings

Charge conductivity is small at high chemical potential.

The ratio of heat conductivity to shear viscosity behaves similarly to strongly coupled plasmas.

Second-order equations can be decoupled within the relaxation time approximation.

Abstract

Starting from the Boltzmann equation in the relaxation time approximation and employing a Chapman-Enskog like expansion for the distribution function close to equilibrium, we derive second-order evolution equations for the shear stress tensor and the dissipative charge current for a system of massless quarks and gluons. The transport coefficients are obtained exactly using quantum statistics for the phase space distribution functions at non-zero chemical potential. We show that, within the relaxation time approximation, the second-order evolution equations for the shear stress tensor and the dissipative charge current can be decoupled. We find that, for large values of the ratio of chemical potential to temperature, the charge conductivity is small compared to the coefficient of shear viscosity. Moreover, we show that in the relaxation-time approximation, the limiting behaviour of the ratio of heat conductivity to shear viscosity is qualitatively similar to that obtained for a strongly coupled conformal plasma.