Sparse Approximation via Generating Point Sets

TL;DR

This paper introduces an efficient, dimension-independent algorithm for selecting a small subset of points that well-approximates the convex hull of a dataset, enabling sparse data representation and autoencoding.

Contribution

The authors develop a novel algorithm for convex hull approximation that is dimension-independent and preserves sparsity, advancing sparse data encoding techniques.

Findings

Algorithm computes small subset with convex-hull approximation

No dependency on data dimension in bounds

Supports kernelization and sparsity preservation

Abstract

$ \newcommand{\kalg}{{k_{\mathrm{alg}}}} \newcommand{\kopt}{{k_{\mathrm{opt}}}} \newcommand{\algset}{{T}} \renewcommand{\Re}{\mathbb{R}} \newcommand{\eps}{\varepsilon} \newcommand{\pth}[2][\!]{#1\left({#2}\right)} \newcommand{\npoints}{n} \newcommand{\ballD}{\mathsf{b}} \newcommand{\dataset}{{P}} $ For a set $\dataset$ of $\npoints$ points in the unit ball $\ballD \subseteq \Re^d$, consider the problem of finding a small subset $\algset \subseteq \dataset$ such that its convex-hull $\eps$-approximates the convex-hull of the original set. We present an efficient algorithm to compute such a $\eps'$-approximation of size $\kalg$, where $\eps'$ is function of $\eps$, and $\kalg$ is a function of the minimum size $\kopt$ of such an $\eps$-approximation. Surprisingly, there is no dependency on the dimension $d$ in both bounds. Furthermore, every point of $\dataset$ can be $\eps$-approximated by a convex-combination of points of $\algset$ that is $O(1/\eps^2)$-sparse. Our result can be viewed as a method for sparse, convex autoencoding: approximately representing the data in a compact way using sparse combinations of a small subset $\algset$ of the original data. The new algorithm can be kernelized, and it preserves sparsity in the original input.