A Venus-Mass Planet Orbiting a Brown Dwarf: Missing Link between Planets and Moons
A. Udalski, Y. K. Jung, C. Han, A. Gould, S. Kozlowski, J. Skowron, R., Poleski, I. Soszy\'nski, P. Pietrukowicz, P. Mr\'oz, M. K. Szyma\'nski, \L., Wyrzykowski, K. Ulaczyk, G. Pietrzy\'nski, Y. Shvartzvald, D. Maoz, S. Kaspi,, B. S. Gaudi, K.-H. Hwang, J.-Y. Choi, I.-G. Shin

TL;DR
This paper reports the discovery of a Venus-mass planet orbiting a brown dwarf, suggesting similar formation processes for planets and moons across different celestial systems.
Contribution
It presents the first known system of a Venus-mass planet orbiting a brown dwarf, bridging the understanding of planet and moon formation mechanisms.
Findings
Discovery of a Venus-mass planet orbiting a brown dwarf
Similar scaled masses and separations across planets, moons, and sub-stellar objects
Support for common formation processes in accretion disks around stars, brown dwarfs, and planets
Abstract
The co-planarity of solar-system planets led Kant to suggest that they formed from an accretion disk, and the discovery of hundreds of such disks around young stars as well as hundreds of co-planar planetary systems by the Kepler satellite demonstrate that this formation mechanism is extremely widespread. Many moons in the solar system, such as the Galilean moons of Jupiter, also formed out of the accretion disks that coalesced into the giant planets. We report here the discovery of an intermediate system OGLE-2013-BLG-0723LB/Bb composed of a Venus-mass planet orbiting a brown dwarf, which may be viewed either as a scaled down version of a planet plus star or as a scaled up version of a moon plus planet orbiting a star. The latter analogy can be further extended since they orbit in the potential of a larger, stellar body. For ice-rock companions formed in the outer parts of accretion…
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