A New Understanding of Friendships in Space: Complex Networks Meet Twitter

TL;DR

This study leverages geo-tagged Twitter data to analyze the spatial distribution of friendships, revealing that the likelihood of friendship decreases sharply beyond a certain geographic separation, with the number of friends following a double power-law distribution.

Contribution

It introduces a precise definition of bidirectional friendship on Twitter and develops algorithms for accurate distance estimation and friend counting based on geo-tagged mentions.

Findings

Friend count follows a Zipf's distribution.

Friendship probability decreases sharply beyond a separation point.

Twitter data can accurately quantify friendship strength spatially.

Abstract

Studies on friendships in online social networks involving geographic distance have so far relied on the city location provided in users' profiles. Consequently, most of the research on friendships have provided accuracy at the city level, at best, to designate a user's location. This study analyzes a Twitter dataset because it provides the exact geographic distance between corresponding users. We start by introducing a strong definition of "friend" on Twitter (i.e., a definition of bidirectional friendship), requiring bidirectional communication. Next, we utilize geo-tagged mentions delivered by users to determine their locations, where "@username" is contained anywhere in the body of tweets. To provide analysis results, we first introduce a friend counting algorithm. From the fact that Twitter users are likely to post consecutive tweets in the static mode, we also introduce a two-stage distance estimation algorithm. As the first of our main contributions, we verify that the number of friends of a particular Twitter user follows a well-known power-law distribution (i.e., a Zipf's distribution or a Pareto distribution). Our study also provides the following newly-discovered friendship degree related to the issue of space: The number of friends according to distance follows a double power-law (i.e., a double Pareto law) distribution, indicating that the probability of befriending a particular Twitter user is significantly reduced beyond a certain geographic distance between users, termed the separation point. Our analysis provides concrete evidence that Twitter can be a useful platform for assigning a more accurate scalar value to the degree of friendship between two users.