A one-dimensional symmetry result for a class of nonlocal semilinear equations in the plane

TL;DR

This paper proves that monotone solutions to certain nonlocal semilinear equations in the plane are necessarily one-dimensional, extending symmetry results using Liouville methods and variational stability analysis.

Contribution

It establishes one-dimensional symmetry for monotone solutions of nonlocal equations with translation invariant kernels, generalizing previous results and including stable solutions.

Findings

Monotone solutions are one-dimensional under various conditions.

Liouville type approach is effective for symmetry proofs.

Stable solutions also exhibit one-dimensional symmetry.

Abstract

We consider entire solutions to $\mathcal{L}u=f(u)$ in $\mathbb R^2$, where $\mathcal L$ is a nonlocal operator with translation invariant, even and compactly supported kernel $K$. Under different assumptions on the operator $\mathcal L$, we show that monotone solutions are necessarily one-dimensional. The proof is based on a Liouville type approach. A variational characterization of the stability notion is also given, extending our results in some cases to stable solutions.