Quantum Tunneling of Massive Spin-1 Particles From Non-stationary Metrics

TL;DR

This paper investigates the quantum tunneling of massive spin-1 particles from black holes using advanced mathematical methods, confirming the consistency of Hawking radiation predictions across different coordinate systems.

Contribution

It demonstrates the application of the Proca equation with Hamilton-Jacobi and WKB methods to derive Hawking temperature for massive vector particles in non-stationary black hole metrics.

Findings

Tunneling rate matches Hawking temperature predictions.

Results are consistent across Kruskal-Szekeres and Lemaitre coordinates.

Validates quantum tunneling approach for massive vector particles.

Abstract

We focus on the HR of massive vector (spin-1) particles tunneling from Schwarzschild BH expressed in the Kruskal-Szekeres (KS) and dynamic Lemaitre (DL) coordinates. Using the Proca equation (PE) together with the Hamilton-Jacobi (HJ) and the WKB methods, we show that the tunneling rate, and its consequence Hawking temperature are well recovered by the quantum tunneling of the massive vector particles.