Bounds on large extra dimensions from the simulation of black hole events at the LHC

TL;DR

This paper uses simulations of microscopic black hole formation at the LHC to set lower bounds on the Planck scale and extra dimension parameters, based on the absence of observed black hole events in CMS data.

Contribution

It provides new bounds on the fundamental Planck scale and extra dimensions by comparing simulated black hole events with experimental data, extending previous analyses.

Findings

Lower bounds on Planck scale range from 0.6 to 4.8 TeV.

Black hole formation with mass less than 5.2-6.5 TeV is excluded at 95% C.L.

Results are consistent with CMS but show some differences.

Abstract

If large extra dimensions exist, the Planck scale may be as low as a TeV and microscopic black holes may be produced in high-energy particle collisions at this energy scale. We simulate microscopic black hole formation at the Large Hadron Collider and compare the simulation results with recent experimental data by the Compact Muon Solenoid collaboration. The absence of observed black hole events in the experimental data allows us to set lower bounds on the Planck scale and various parameters related to microscopic black hole formation for a number ($3-6$) of extra dimensions. Our analysis sets lower bounds on the fundamental Planck scale ranging from 0.6 TeV to 4.8 TeV for black holes fully decaying into Standard Model particles and 0.3 TeV to 2.8 TeV for black holes settling down to a remnant, depending on the minimum allowed black hole mass at formation. Formation of black holes with mass less than 5.2 TeV to 6.5 TeV (SM decay) and 2.2 TeV to 3.4 TeV (remnant) is excluded at 95\% C.L. Our analysis shows consistency with and difference from the CMS results.