Glueballs as rotating folded closed strings

TL;DR

This paper models glueballs as rotating folded closed strings, predicts their Regge trajectory slope, and compares theoretical spectra with experimental and lattice QCD data to identify glueball candidates.

Contribution

It introduces a closed string model for glueballs, predicts their Regge slope as half that of mesons, and proposes experimental signatures and schemes for identifying glueballs.

Findings

Glueball Regge slope approximately 0.45 GeV^-2

Multiple schemes for glueball identification compatible with data

Decay width differences as a distinguishing feature

Abstract

In previous papers we argued that mesons and baryons can be described as rotating open strings in holographic backgrounds. Now we turn to closed strings, which should be the duals of glueballs. We look at the rotating folded closed string in both flat and curved backgrounds. A basic prediction of the closed string model is that the slope of Regge trajectories is half that of open strings. We propose that a simple method to identify glueballs is to look for resonances that belong to trajectories with a slope of approximately 0.45 GeV^-2, half the meson slope. We therefore look at the experimental spectra of flavorless light mesons to see if such a scheme, where some of the states are placed on open string trajectories and some on closed ones, can fit known experimental data. We look at the f_0 (J^PC = 0^++) and f_2 (2^++) resonances. As there is no preference for a single scheme of sorting the different states into meson and glueball trajectories, we present several possibilities, each identifying a different state as the glueball. We supplement each scheme with predictions for the masses of excited glueballs. We show that the width of the decay into two mesons is different for glueballs and mesons thus providing a supplementary tool to distinguish between them. In addition, we look at some lattice QCD results for glueball spectra and check their compatibility with the closed string model. One of the main conclusions of this paper is that an extension of experimental data on the spectrum of flavorless hadrons is needed, in particular in the region between around 2.4 GeV and 3 GeV.