The chiral phase transition for lattice QCD with 2 colour-sextet quarks

TL;DR

This study investigates whether QCD with 2 colour-sextet quarks exhibits conformal or walking behavior by analyzing lattice simulations near the chiral transition across various lattice sizes.

Contribution

It provides lattice evidence suggesting that QCD with 2 colour-sextet quarks is likely a conformal field theory rather than a walking theory.

Findings

Bare lattice coupling decreases more slowly than asymptotic freedom predicts

Evidence favors the conformal field theory scenario

Estimated deconfinement transition point for N_t=12

Abstract

QCD with 2 flavours of massless colour-sextet quarks is studied as a possible walking-Technicolor candidate. We simulate the lattice version of this model at finite temperatures near to the chiral-symmetry restoration transition, to determine whether it is indeed a walking theory (QCD-like with a running coupling which evolves slowly over an appreciable range of length scales) or if it has an infrared fixed point, making it a conformal field theory. The lattice spacing at this transition is decreased towards zero by increasing the number $N_t$ of lattice sites in the temporal direction. Our simulations are performed at $N_t=4,6,8,12$, on lattices with spatial extent much larger than the temporal extent. A range of small fermion masses is chosen to make predictions for the chiral (zero mass) limit. We find that the bare lattice coupling does decrease as the lattice spacing is decreased. However, it decreases more slowly than would be predicted by asymptotic freedom. We discuss whether this means that the coupling is approaching a finite value as lattice $N_t$ is increased -- the conformal option, or if the apparent disagreement with the scaling predicted by asymptotic freedom is because the lattice coupling is a poor expansion parameter, and the theory walks. Currently, evidence favours QCD with 2 colour-sextet quarks being a conformal field theory. Other potential sources of disagreement with the walking hypothesis are also discussed. We also report an estimate of the position of the deconfinement transition for $N_t=12$, needed for choosing parameters for zero-temperature simulations.