Evolution of the T Tauri star population in the Lupus association

TL;DR

This study uses new distance measurements to analyze the ages and disk lifetimes of T Tauri stars in Lupus, revealing shorter disk lifetimes compared to Taurus-Auriga and supporting evolutionary models of star development.

Contribution

It provides the first detailed age and disk lifetime estimates for Lupus T Tauri stars, highlighting differences from Taurus-Auriga and supporting the evolution of CTTS into WTTS.

Findings

CTTS are younger than WTTS in Lupus

Disk lifetime in Lupus is approximately 3 million years

Lupus disks have shorter lifetimes than those in Taurus-Auriga

Abstract

Aims: In a recent study, we derived individual distances for 109 pre-main sequence stars that define the Lupus kinematic association of young stars. Here, we use these new distances to derive the masses and ages of Lupus T Tauri stars with the aim of better constraining the lifetime of their circumstellar disks. Methods: Using the photometric and spectroscopic information available in the literature, we computed the photospheric luminosity of 92 T Tauri stars in the Lupus association. Then, we estimated their masses and ages from theoretical evolutionary models. Based on Monte Carlo simulations and statistical tests, we compare the mass and age distribution of the classical T Tauri stars (CTTS) and weak-line T Tauri (WTTS) in our sample. Results: We show that the CTTSs are on average younger than the WTTSs and that the probability that both T~Tauri subclasses are drawn from the same mass and age parental distribution is very low. Our results favor the scenario proposed earlier for the Taurus-Auriga association, where the CTTSs evolve into WTTSs when their disks are fully accreted by the star. Based on an empirical disk model, we find that the average disk lifetime for the T Tauri stars in the Lupus association is $\tau_{d}=3\times10^{6}\,(M_*/M_{\odot})^{0.55}$ yr. Conclusions: We find evidence that the average lifetime of the circumstellar disks in the Lupus association is shorter than in the Taurus-Auriga association and discuss the implications of this result.