On the theory of a non-linear neutral scalar field with spontaneously broken symmetry

TL;DR

This paper develops a quantization approach for non-linear scalar fields with spontaneous symmetry breaking, incorporating vacuum fluctuations and self-consistent equations to determine particle states and Green functions.

Contribution

It introduces a relativistic self-consistent field model for quantizing non-linear fields with broken symmetry, including vacuum effects and exact Green function formulations.

Findings

Derived self-consistent equations for field states

Calculated vacuum energy density in broken symmetry states

Established a framework for exact Green functions in such states

Abstract

On the example of a real scalar field, an approach to quantization of non-linear fields and construction of the perturbation theory with account of spontaneous symmetry breaking is proposed. The method is based on using as the main approximation of the relativistic self-consistent field model, in which the influence of vacuum field fluctuations is taken into account when constructing the one-particle states. The solutions of the self-consistent equations determine possible states, which also include the states with broken symmetries. Different states of the field are matched to particles, whose masses are determined by both parameters of the Lagrangian and vacuum fluctuations. The density of the vacuum energy in these states is calculated. It is shown that the concept of Bogolubov's quasi-averages can naturally be applied for definition of exact Green functions in the states with broken symmetries. Equations for exact one- and two-point Green functions are obtained.